Polishing of Chinese Classical Furniture Technology

"Three carvers, seven grinders". The polishing of Chinese classical furniture is a very important link. In the process of grinding at least from coarse to fine 12 grinding process, the general traditional craft enterprises are using 12 different types of sandpaper to polish the furniture. These 12 different types of sandpaper also have their own division of labor in the process of furniture polishing. For example, 120-600 type of sandpaper is used to polish the basic appearance of furniture, 600-1500 type of sandpaper is used to polish the details of furniture, and 1500-2500 type of sandpaper is used to make furniture more charming. This step is also called water grinding. As the last water grinding process, some also use the traditional "file grass water grinding method" for grinding, so that the production of furniture closer to the traditional.

1. Scraping Tool
Traditional hardwood furniture scraping mainly uses shaved, horse tooth file, scraping blade, wood file and other manual scraping grinding. Although the traditional manual grinding tool can enhance the charm of the product, but the production efficiency is very low, not suitable for large-scale production. The emergence of modern tools has replaced traditional hand tools, further improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.
At present, scraping is mainly a combination of small machinery and manual. Scraping tools mainly include: tank-type woodworking belt machine, planing, horse tooth frustration, scraper, town knife, wood file, hand electric drill, octagonal sand, steel wire flower, etc.

2. scraping process

1. Defect repair

Before scraping, blow the dust off the furniture surface with an air gun, and carefully observe whether there are insect eyes, cracks, holes, etc. in each part. These parts are filled with hardwood wood powder prepared in advance, applied with glue, and then scraped and ground.

2 Machine grinding

The use of different types of abrasive belt, sandpaper, grinding wheel, octagonal sand, flower head installed in all kinds of sanding equipment to work. First, use a tank-type woodworking sander or a plane sander to roughly grind the flat parts with a large area to smooth and polish the wood surface. In order to better remove burrs during operation, first polish horizontally and then polish longitudinally along the wood texture. For a smaller area of the plane, the edge of the grinding flat can use angle grinder grinding.

Manual scraping

The first step of artificial scraping is "scraping", using a scraper to remove the traces remaining during engraving. This step determines whether the engraving pattern is vivid and whether the lines are delicate. Use different scrapers to scrape along the grain on the surface of the furniture to remove the knife marks. When scraping, ensure that the blade of the scraper is sharp. Use a ballast to remove the blade from the blade at any time, and use the blade to scrape the surface of the furniture.

The second step of manual scraping is "grinding". The general order is to grind first and then finely grind. Different types of sandpaper are selected according to the mahogany texture. After rough grinding, carry out "chamfering", use horse tooth file or flat file to properly round the furniture corner line and remove burrs to make it round, natural, smooth and comfortable. When the scraper is operating, it must maintain an inclination angle of about 45 degrees with the surface of the furniture, and pay attention to follow the wood texture during operation to prevent fibers

Tear to produce more wood spines. Carving parts should be processed according to the trend of furniture patterns, and the appropriate scraper type should be selected according to the processing parts.

3. inspection standard

Scraping process inspection is an important part of hardwood furniture quality inspection. The fine degree of scraping directly affects the overall quality of furniture. The inspection standard of scraping process is flat, smooth, slippery and flawless in appearance.

1, the operation is meticulous, the surface of the furniture, cracks, gaps to fill, no color difference after filling, do tactile, visual are not easy to detect.

2, for the plane part of the surface requirements smooth, can not have waves, saw marks, burrs. Contraction joints and corners should be coordinated, curved arcs should be scraped smoothly, and lines should be horizontal and vertical, with sharp edges and corners.

3. Carving patterns do not leave dead corners, smooth and clear patterns, and flat and smooth components.

4. After polishing, the components are smooth and smooth, without stubble, laying the foundation for the final hard grinding process.

In the process of modern hardwood furniture scraping, we must not only carry forward the essence of traditional cultural heritage, protect our traditional handicrafts, but also use modern production tools to combine traditional craftsmanship with modern technology, and continue to innovate according to the characteristics of the times.

As a very important process in the production of hardwood furniture, scraping is very important to the overall appearance of the product. The slight gap in the scraping process can make the furniture type and beauty far away.

As early as in the Qing Dynasty, there were "grinders" and "grinders" for making furniture. The grinders were mainly used to do the rough work of water grinding and waxing, while the grinders were mainly used to do the fine grinding of carvings. With the modern hardwood furniture production work more and more fine, the traditional grinding process of scraping and grinding into two different types of work, professional scraping and grinding workers came into being.

Before the Tang Dynasty, furniture production in our country was restricted by the development of tools. Furniture production and polishing were all finely processed by stone grinding. Even if it was hard work, it could not reach the current smoothness. Therefore, putty, paint, bristle paint and hemp ash were used. In the 1970 s, Japan's hand-held small power tools entered China, and it has been further developed in recent years. However, the polishing of hardwood furniture has appeared in individual manufacturers, and it has returned to the era of stone polishing. For example, the hand-held electric grinding wheel is no different from grinding furniture with stones, but it is changed to electric. In the sense of wood and high-quality furniture, the grinding effect of hand-held stone grinding is much better than that of electric grinding wheel, at least plane to plane. However, the grinding wheel touches the home surface at a certain point, and the flatness is much worse. But no matter how polished, gloss can not achieve the effect of not leaving traces of bumps. Therefore, the modern commonly used putty, covered with ash, do curing agent, paint and other processes will be filled with wood's own mane eyes, but whether it is suitable for the development of modern environment? Is the same coefficient of expansion? Is it easy to repair? How much is its repairability? And whether the chemical process is environmentally friendly is very questionable.

The production process and technology of mahogany furniture are constantly changing with the times and economic development and other factors. There is inheritance here, and tradition must be followed. There is development, but also commercial technology. This article will introduce some processes, which should be passed down as a culture, and are also traditional processes that cannot be replaced by modern machinery.

Before we understand the water mill process, let's do an experiment. Brush a piece of scraped mahogany wood board with water and put it in a ventilated place. After a day or two, the already smooth mahogany board becomes not smooth. Brush a pair of bamboo chopsticks or wooden chopsticks with water and leave them for a few minutes, they are also not smooth. This is because the wood fiber has raised burrs. What is different between the two experiments is that their material, density and length of time are different, but the wood is the same. The parts scraped by the brush will be smoother and more delicate, just like the delicate skin of a person, and the oxidation can be consistent in the future oxidation. The faster the oxidation, the faster the formation of the coating and the thicker the coating, leaving no defects on the surface.

Through this experiment, we can know the principle of water polishing furniture parts. First, conform to the wood, temper the wood, so that the wood more fully play; second, to ensure that all parts, lines and corners of the smooth. During scraping, the recesses and dolling debts will be reflected through water marks, so as to ensure that there is no omission and the refraction at any angle of the team is round.

Every part, including all lines and feet, should be polished with water. After wiping the furniture pieces in turn with cotton cloth dipped in water, the craftsman should use various tools such as scraping TJ, planing, horse tooth file, thread horn and so on to brush and polish the pieces one by one according to the shape and texture of the parts. There is a jargon in the production of mahogany furniture called "reliable". Leng Leng is the workbench. When a craftsman makes a piece of furniture, he spends most of his time polishing the furniture parts. Each furniture part has to be polished in several processes before being assembled. Only in this way can the furniture be polished internally and externally. This is a traditional process. In case of sound, 6 pieces of stubble should be polished according to the grain of wood. Repeated water polishing is to temper the wood and give full play to the wood, so that the polished furniture can remain smooth and moist forever in case of humidity changes in the future, and the thickness of the slurry formed is consistent.

In polishing, where there are traces of water, it is either a place that is not smooth or has stubble. Workers should polish all four sides of each part of the tool until there is no stubble. The whole piece of furniture should not have rigid edges and corners. This is the furniture mentioned earlier. Each line should be smooth, lubricated and full. However, it is forbidden to polish out of shape. Round is round and flat is flat. Only when such furniture is made can it be smooth and consistent inside and outside. "Jade can't be carved without carving", and furniture can't be carved without carving.

Brush water polished furniture is very pleasing to the eye, but that's it, in the furniture waxing before the last time. It can be seen that Seiko has made a good bedding for the waxing process of furniture. This humanistic craft and intellectual technology we may as well call it "humanistic craft". Grinding method: Wet the parts with water cloth, and grind the drum and depression of the lines in all directions with corresponding tools such as planing, horse tooth file and scraper blade.

1. Process essentials

(1) according to the length of the parts as far as possible to extend the length of a scraping, reduce the scraping joint point, in order to achieve no jump, no stubble, smooth and consistent.

(2) The width and thickness of the lines are required to be smooth.

(3) The four surfaces of each component shall be polished uniformly both inside and outside, and each component shall be chamfered without leaving 90-degree sharp corners (except for the intersection of tenon and tenon joints of the components), so that the whole furniture shall be smooth, round and smooth wherever air is seen after assembly, both inside and outside. As the saying goes, "if a carpenter does not reverse the edge, he does not learn!"

2. Process principle-sharpening wood

Let's do an experiment first. Prepare two pieces of mahogany of the same material, one piece is polished with water and the other piece is dry-ground with sandpaper. After being placed for half a day, after the temperature and humidity changes, we can observe that the wood piece dry-ground with sandpaper is not smooth and has burrs, while the wood piece ground with water is still smooth. In the process of water grinding, there can be small jumps on the surface of wood blocks and traces or small stubble left by machine processing, which is called "doodle gurgling" in the industry, which can remind craftsmen to scrape and grind. After the water mill process after the furniture parts will be smooth round on all sides (even under the refraction of light), no need to use sandpaper repeatedly polished.