Furniture Culture Museum
The Mortise and Mortise Structure of Chinese Classical Furniture Technology
Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese classical furniture has entered the pinnacle of skill and has now become a part of the world cultural heritage. The soul of Chinese classical furniture is the mortise and tenon structure. The whole set of furniture or even the whole house can be used for hundreds or even thousands of years without using an iron nail, which is a miracle in the history of human light industry manufacturing.
There are nearly 100 kinds of tenon and tenon structures suitable for Chinese classical furniture, including lattice angle tenon, supporting angle tenon, zong angle tenon, dovetail tenon, chuck tenon, shoulder tenon, dragon wind tenon, wedge tenon, shoulder tenon, fence tenon, sleeve tenon, hanging tenon, half tenon and tenon. A piece of furniture often uses a variety of different mortise and tenon structures according to different joint parts, which results in a cost of time and a very high requirement for manual technology.
Mortise and tenon structure is a kind of cultural and spiritual inheritance
The study found that as early as the Neolithic Age of Hemudu more than 7000 years ago, our ancestors had already started to use tenon and mortise. It can be said that the tenon and mortise structure originated earlier than Chinese characters. For more than 70 centuries, this art craft has been continuously developed and recreated, and the technology and craftsmanship have been quite proficient. The reason why Chinese traditional furniture (especially Ming and Qing furniture) has reached today's level is directly related to the use of this structural feature. It is also the use of this ingenious structure that enhances the artistic value of Chinese-style furniture, especially foreign furniture. And architectural artists admire it.
Mortise and tenon structure combination of furniture more durable
The mortise and tenon structure is a combination of tenon and mortise. It is a clever combination of more and less wood parts, high and low, long and short. This combination can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. And the nail connection can't do it. For example, if two wooden chattas are made into a T-shaped combination with iron nails, the vertical chattas and the horizontal chattas are easily twisted and change their angles, while if they are combined with mortise and tenon, they will not be twisted. Secondly, metal is easily corroded or oxidized, and real mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds or thousands of years. Many Ming-style furniture dating back hundreds of years, although the vicissitudes of life, but the wood is hard as ever.
Mortise and tenon structure of furniture for easy transport
Many furniture is disassembled and transported, and it is very convenient to assemble and install it at the destination. If the furniture is connected by nails, although it can be made into partial split type, furniture with more small wooden pieces such as chairs cannot be done.
Furniture of mortise and tenon construction for easy maintenance
No matter what kind of furniture, use for a long time will have problems, need maintenance. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be problems, such as a broken root that needs to be replaced. For furniture connected by iron nails, it is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise and tenon structure furniture. If the furniture is made of good glue such as fish fat glue, soak the glue with water first during maintenance, and the mortise and tenon joint will soon loosen, while it cannot be done with iron nails unless the furniture is removed in eight pieces. In turn, it causes damage to the furniture.
Mortise and tenon structure will not damage the wood problem
Some furniture is made of hard wood, while nails are made of hard wedges by squeezing and drilling. This process can easily cause wood splitting, which is very clear to carpenters. The use of mortise and tenon joints to connect furniture can greatly improve the internal quality of furniture, which is also an important reason why furniture made by Han traditional crafts has value-added collection value.
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